I learned about the Criminal Tribes Act from the 1870's, where the British effectively made a list of ethnic, social and other groups that are automatically considered criminals and had to report to authorities constantly to make sure they didn't leave the areas they were allowed in and that they weren't committing crimes. Once India gained independence they changed the name of the law to the Habitual Offenders Act, and it essentially kept carrying the same stigma and meaning. From what I can gather in 2008 they finally started affirmative action for some of these groups, but I don't know how much effect it's had in the past decade